DISTRIBUSI ALEL 1016G GEN VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNEL PADA POPULASI Aedes aegypti STRAIN DATARAN TINGGI

Tyasningrum, Winda Septi, A2A012011 (2017) DISTRIBUSI ALEL 1016G GEN VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNEL PADA POPULASI Aedes aegypti STRAIN DATARAN TINGGI. Sarjana / Sarjana Terapan (S1/D4) thesis, ["eprint_fieldopt_institution_UNIMUS" not defined].

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Nyamuk Ae. aegypti sebagai vektor penular penyakit dengue dan Zika saat ini telah memperluas wilayah habitatnya hingga dataran tinggi. Terjadinya resistensi pada suatu vektor sebagai salah satu dampak dari penggunaan insektisida dalam kegiatan pengendalian vektor. Hal ini ditandai dengan titik mutasi yang terdeteksi pada sodium channel yang mengalami perubahan asam amino dari Valin menjadi Glisin pada kodon 1016 domain II segmen 6. Metode: Larva Ae. aegypti dikumpulkan melalui survai vektor di tiga kabupaten/kota endemis DBD di dataran tinggi Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Larva dipelihara hingga menjadi nyamuk dewasa yang siap dilakukan uji bioassay sesuai standar WHO menggunakan impregnated paper berbahan aktif insektisida sipermetrin 0,05%. Nyamuk Ae. aegypti yang resisten dan rentan terhadap insektisida piretroid digunakan untuk menganalisis mutasi alel 1016G pada gen voltage-gated sodium channel secara molekuler melalui Allele-Specific PCR (AS-PCR). Hasil: Hasil uji bioassay mengungkapkan mortalitas nyamuk Ae. aegypti dari seluruh lokasi penelitian berkisar 16%-80%. Homozigot mutan (G/G) dan heterozigot (V/G) terdeteksi pada nyamuk Ae. aegypti yang diteliti. Terdapat variasi alel kdr yang terdistribusi di seluruh lokasi penelitian. Simpulan: Insektisida berbahan aktif sipermetrin sudah tidak dapat digunakan lagi hampir di seluruh lokasi penelitian dan penggunaannya perlu dihentikan. Nyamuk Ae. aegypti yang secara fenotip mengalami resisten terbukti mengalami mutasi. Kata kunci: Aedes aegypti, Resistensi Piretroid, AS-PCR, Dataran Tinggi Provinsi Jawa Tengah ABSTRACT Background: Aedes aegypti mosquitoes as a vector-borne disease for dengue and Zika have been expanding their habitat until high elevation. The vector resistance occurs as an impact of insecticide used in vector control activities. The resistance is characterized by point mutation that detected on the sodium channel had amino acid alteration from Valine to Glycine at 1016 codon into domain II segment 6. Methods: Larvae of Ae. aegypti collected from vector survey in three district/cities endemic dengue haemoraghic fever (DHF) at high elevation in Central Java Province. It had reared up into adult which was ready for bioassay according to the WHO standard using impregnated paper-based of cypermethrin insecticide 0,05%. The resistant and susceptible mosquitoes against insecticide were used to molecular analyze of mutation 1016G allele in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene by allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) assay. Results: The bioassay result expressed mortality of Ae. aegypti from the entire study sites 16%-80%. Mutant homozygous (G/G) and heterozygous (V/G) were detecting in the study. The variation of kdr allele were distributing across the study sites. Conclusion: Cypermethrin insecticide could not be used again in almost study sites and should be discontinued. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes resistant as phenotype had proved the mutation. Keywords: Aedes aegypti, Pyrethroid Resistance, AS-PCR, High Elevation in Central Java Province

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